Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is a common hormonal disorder affecting an estimated 6 to 13 percent of women of reproductive age globally. Yet, up to 70 percent of cases go undiagnosed, according to the World Health Organization. For those diagnosed with the condition, managing symptoms, especially through weight loss, can be a frustrating and complex journey.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal condition that causes fluid-filled sacs to form along the ovary, called cysts, and causes unpredictable menstruation. Patients with PCOS may also have:
- Irregular or absent periods
- Excess facial and body hair
- Acne
- Weight gain, especially around the abdomen
- Infertility
Birth control pills or other hormonal medication may help alleviate symptoms.
The condition is linked to insulin resistance, which affects how the body processes sugar and stores fat. This not only contributes to weight gain but also makes it more challenging to lose weight, even with diet and exercise. Although weight loss can be difficult to accomplish, it’s an avenue worth pursuing.
“For some people, when they lose weight, they will start ovulating again, and it’ll help regulate their cycle,” says Dr. Andrea Richmond-Mart, an OB/GYN with Tidelands Health. “Then they don’t need medication for PCOS.”
Taking a close look at their diet and exercise habits is a first step for many patients with PCOS.
In general, the following steps can help support a healthy diet and activity level:
- Choose low-glycemic carbs, such as whole grains, legumes and vegetables.
- Increase fiber intake to help regulate blood sugar.
- Limit added sugars and processed foods.
- Follow the Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes healthy fats, lean proteins and anti-inflammatory foods.
- Aim for 30 minutes of moderate activity daily, such as brisk walking, swimming or cycling.
- Include strength training to build muscle and boost metabolism.
For some patients, lifestyle changes alone aren’t enough. In those cases, weight-loss medications, including newer injectable medications, may help regulate appetite and improve insulin sensitivity when used alongside diet and exercise.
In more severe cases, especially for patients with high BMIs and comorbidities such as hypertension or high cholesterol, weight-loss surgery may be considered. These interventions can lead to dramatic improvements in PCOS symptoms and overall health.
“There’s no one recommendation for managing the weight,” Dr. Richmond-Mart says. “Work with your care provider to figure out what works best for you.”